An array is a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. Why we need Array in Programming? Properties of Array Array declaration in C Array Initialization in C Accessing Array Elements Advantages/Disadvantages of an Array in C

The keywords which are used to modify the properties of a variable are called type qualifiers / modifiers. Type qualifiers are a fairly advanced feature which not all programs need const : A const value is one you promise not to modify volatile : A volatile value is one that might change unexpectedly

Storage class specifiers tells the compiler where to store a variable, how to store a variable, what is the initial value of a variable and life time of a variable. auto specifier static specifier register specifier extern specifier

Block scope : variable declared within a block {}, also called local variables, Function scope : only the goto label has function scope Program scope : variable declared outside a function, also called global variables File scope : global variable declared with the static specifier is said to have file scope

Scope is a region of the program where the variables can be accessed Scope contains a group of statements and variables Variables / Identifiers can be declared both inside and outside of block

What is call by value and Call by Reference method Example of a call by value and call by reference method Call by Value vs Call by Reference Advantages of using Call by value and Call by reference method Disadvantages of using Call by value method and Call by reference method

Actual parameters: The parameters that appear in function calls. Formal parameters: The parameters that appear in function declarations. Pass the addresses of actual parameters Operation performed on formal parameters, affects the value of actual parameters

Actual parameters: The parameters that appear in function calls. Formal parameters: The parameters that appear in function declarations. Pass the actual parameters while calling a function Values of actual parameters are copied to the formal parameters

Functions are called by their names Function call by value is the default way of calling a function Functions with arguments can be called by Reference Actual parameters: The parameters that appear in function calls. Formal parameters: The parameters that appear in function declarations.

A function that calls itself is known as a recursive function This technique is known as recursion It is important to impose a termination condition of recursion Recursion code is shorter than iterative code however it is difficult to understand

Function with no argument and no Return value Function with no argument and with a Return value Function with argument and No Return value Function with argument and Return value

A larger program is divided into various subprograms which are called as functions A function is a block of code that performs a specific task The function contains the set of programming statements enclosed by {} Avoid unnecessary repetition of code, bugs and even becomes boring for the programmer

break is important keyword used to alter the flow of a program. break is jump statement used to terminate a switch. break statement ends the loop immediately when it is encountered. break statement is almost always used with if...else statement inside the loop.

A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. You can define any number of loop inside another loop. You can also have any number of nesting level. You can put any type of loop in another type.

Looping statement defines a set of repetitive statements . These statements are repeated, with same or different parameters for a number of times. do...while is an exit controlled looping statement. We use do...while loop when there is a need to check condition after execution of loop body

Looping statement defines a set of repetitive statements . These statements are repeated, with same or different parameters for a number of times. While loops are similar to for loops, but have less functionality. A while loop continues executing the while block as long as the condition in the while remains true while loop is an entry controlled looping construct

Looping statement defines a set of repetitive statements . These statements are repeated, with same or different parameters for a number of times. For loop is an entry controlled looping statement. It is used to repeat set of statements until some condition is met. Looping statements whose condition is checked prior to the execution of its body is called as Entry controlled loop.

if...else...if and switch...case both programming constructs has ability to take decision based on conditions. Both are almost similar in nature. However, there is always a debate among beginners which to use and when to use what?

Switch case statements are used to execute only specific case statements based on the switch expression. The switch statement allows us to execute one code block among many alternatives. You can do the same thing with the if...else..if ladder. However, the syntax of the switch statement is much easier to read and write.

Control statements enable us to specify the flow of program control. Control statements define the order in which the instructions in a program must be executed. They make it possible to make decisions, to perform tasks repeatedly or to jump from one section of code to another.

The symbols which are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in a C program are called C operators. C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations.

If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body of if are executed. If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside the body of if are not executed. The if statement may have an optional else block.

The symbols which are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in a C program are called C operators. C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations.

C language syntax specify rules for sequence of characters to be written in C language. In simple language it states how to form statements in a C language program. How should the line of code start How it should end, Where to use double quotes Where to use curly brackets etc.

Input means to provide the program with some data to be used in the program Output means to display data on screen or write the data to a printer or a file. printf() and scanf() functions are inbuilt library functions in C programming language which are generally used for Input and Output

C Constants are also like normal variables. But, only difference is, their values can not be modified by the program once they are defined Constants refer to fixed values. They are also called as literals Constants may be belonging to any of the data type.

Data types specify how we enter data into our programs and what type of data we enter.Each variable in C has an associated data type. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be performed over it.

C variable is a named location in a memory where a program can manipulate the data. This location is used to hold the value of the variable. The value of the C variable may get change in the program. C variable might be belonging to any of the data type like int, float, char etc.

Like every other language 'C' also has its own character set. A program is a set of instructions that when executed, generate an output. The data that is processed by a program consists of various characters and symbols. The output generated is also a combination of characters and symbols.

Essential parts of a C language program. Pre-processor Header file Function Variables Statements & expressions Comments

A variable is nothing but a name given to a storage area that our programs can manipulate. Each variable in C has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the variable's memory; the range of values that can be stored within that memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable.

Although numerous computer languages are used for writing computer applications, the computer programming language C is the most popular language worldwide. Everything from micro controllers to operating systems is written in C since it’s very flexible and versatile, allowing maximum control with minimal commands. If you are interested in a career in computer programming, it would be wise to start by learning the C programming language.

A nested if in C is an if statement that is the target of another if statement. Nested if statements means an if statement inside another if statement. Yes, both C and C++ allows us to nested if statements within if statements, i.e, we can place an if statement inside another if statement.

Each program elements in a C program are given a name called identifiers. Names given to identify Variables, functions and arrays are examples for identifiers. Keywords are pre-defined words in a C compiler.Each keyword is meant to perform a specific function in a C program

continue is important keyword used to alter the flow of a program. continue is a jump statement used inside loop. It skips loop body and continues to next iteration. continue statement on execution immediately transfers program control from loop body to next part of the loop It works opposite of break statement

goto is keyword used to alter the flow of a program goto statement allows us to transfer control of the program to the specified label goto is a jump statement used to transfer program control unconditionally from one part of a function to another. Use of goto statement is highly discouraged in any programming language