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Operators in C Language Part -2
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The symbols which are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in a C program are called C operators. C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations.

C language offers many types of operators. They are,

  1. Arithmetic operators
  2. Relational operators
  3. Logical operators
  4. Bitwise operators
  5. Assignment operators
  6. Conditional operators
  7. Special operators

Assignment operators

In C programs, values for the variables are assigned using assignment operators. There are 2 categories of assignment operators in C language. They are

  1. Simple assignment operator ( Example: = )
  2. Compound assignment operators ( Example: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, ^= )
Operator Description Example
= Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C
+= Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-= Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*= Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/= Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%= Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator. C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>= Right shift AND assignment operator. C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator. C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^= Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|= Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

Conditional operator

Conditional operators return one value if condition is true and returns another value is condition is false. The conditional operators in C language are known by two more names

  1. Ternary Operator
  2. ? : Operator

It is actually the if condition that we use in C language decision making, but using conditional operator, we turn the if condition statement into a short and simple operator.

The syntax of a conditional operator is :

expression 1 ? expression 2: expression 3

Explanation:

  • The question mark "?" in the syntax represents the if part.
  • The first expression (expression 1) generally returns either true or false, based on which it is decided whether (expression 2) will be executed or (expression 3)
  • If (expression 1) returns true then the expression on the left side of " : " i.e (expression 2) is executed.
  • If (expression 1) returns false then the expression on the right side of " : " i.e (expression 3) is executed.

Special operator

Below are some of the special operators that the C programming language offers.

Operator Description Example
sizeof Returns the size of an variable sizeof(x) return size of the variable x
& Returns the address of an variable &x ; return address of the variable x
* Pointer to a variable *x ; will be pointer to a variable x